From a glorified scout party to part of a multinational: the Pukkelpop journey in six steps

From a glorified scout party to part of a multinational: the Pukkelpop journey in six steps

Pukkelpop started as a glorified scout party, but 40 years later, the festival has become a new jewel in the crown of entertainment multinational Live Nation. Its history has been inventive, both in programming and corporate structure.


In the early 1980s, the Limburg youth association Humanist Youth (Hajee) was looking for a source of income. They found it at parties, but a visit to Rock Werchter made them dream of more. "On the way home, we were already thinking: we should be able to do that too," a member of the early team recently recalled in Het Belang Van Limburg. On July 21, 1985, it finally happened: 2,500 visitors paid 300 francs (7.5 euros) for seven bands, including new wave acts Front 242 and Anne Clark.


The driving force behind it was 25-year-old Chokri Mahassine, with the support of his wife Marie-Martine Peremans, Patrick Breugelmans, and Christiane Sluyter. They grew their small non-profit organization into one of the largest music festivals in the country, attracting 66,000 visitors over four days last summer. Even now that the festival has been acquired by entertainment giant Live Nation, they remain on board. Their headquarters will remain where it all began, above the De Pukkel youth center in Leopoldsburg.



Schueremans' support

The acquisition by Live Nation raised few eyebrows in the music industry: that company had long had a significant hand in Pukkelpop. The collaboration with Rock Werchter founder Herman Schueremans even goes back to the very beginning, Mahassine told De Morgen in 2020.


"He offered us larger groups through his then-booking agency and recommended moving the date to late August, when the Reading Festival was taking place in the United Kingdom." However, the football match had to be played at the end of August at the site where Pukkelpop had started. This first led to a move to the military domain in Hechtel and in 1991 to the current location in Kiewit.


At that 1991 edition, Pukkelpop was the first Belgian festival to book Nirvana, a month before the group released its Nevermind album. Admittedly, they were last-minute fill-ins for The Limbomaniacs. But the Pukkelpop programmers were ahead of their time at times. In the mid-90s, they fearlessly put dance acts like Underworld and The Chemical Brothers on the main stage. In 2019, they were so quick to book Billie Eilish that the global star was already on stage by noon. And this summer, they were the first to bring Chappell Roan to Belgium. This gave Pukkelpop by far the "youngest" image of the major festivals in Belgium, and that did wonders for ticket sales. Despite a combined price that rose by 69 percent between 2013 and 2024 to 282 euros, all tickets were sold out within five hours this summer.



The storm and the pandemic

In 2011, a heavy storm swept through the field on the first day of the festival. Five visitors died. The rest of the festival was canceled. The lack of cancellation insurance also resulted in a financial setback. Mahassine called on his "Pukkelpoppers" to accept a peace offering of drink vouchers for the next three editions. Some 80,000 visitors accepted. "If everyone had asked for their money back, it would have been over," Mahassine later commented.


Nine years later, another disaster would lead to losses of over €1 million: the coronavirus crisis, which resulted in two canceled editions. The precarious financial position of a festival without broader support became clear: Pukkelpop's revenue plummeted to a negligible €73,000, while Rock Werchter, supported by Live Nation, still generated over €7 million annually.



From non-profit organization to dividends

Pukkelpop started as a modest non-profit organization. The Factory became the name of the underlying organization. But as visitor numbers grew, so did turnover, profits, and the demand for professionalization. In 2015, the non-profit organization became a cooperative and then a private limited company, with Play More Music, Patrick Productions (both 25 percent), and Que Pasa (50 percent) as shareholders. Behind these companies are Sluyter, Breugelmans, and the Mahassine-Peremans couple, now joined by their daughter. These five owners are the ones who will pocket the proceeds from the sale of Pukkelpop to Live Nation.


The Factory doesn't distribute profits directly to its owners, but pays fees for providing management and consultancy services. The Factory does retain €6.8 million as a reserve for social projects – so its non-profit past hasn't entirely disappeared. The owner companies do distribute dividends to their owners. Last year, Que Pasa, owned by the Mahassines, paid out €319,301. The transformation from a non-profit organization to an organization that pays substantial dividends to its owners wasn't without its challenges. The socialist Mahassine had to explain several times in the press why he was entitled to a large share of Pukkelpop's profits.



The future under Live Nation wings

Forty years after its founding, the idiosyncratic Pukkelpop is now part of an international company that not only organizes festivals and concerts, but also manages venues, books artists, and runs a ticketing service. This far-reaching integration raises questions: in the US, Live Nation has long been under fire for its monopoly, and following the Pukkelpop acquisition, Federal Minister of Economy David Clarinval (MR) is also requesting an investigation by the Belgian Competition Authority.


It will be interesting to see how much Pukkelpop can still chart its own course. Will young bands not signed to Live Nation still have easy access to the lineup? What if price fixing is done with Rock Werchter, resulting in more expensive tickets? And will Pukkelpop still be able to freely organize a humanitarian aid campaign for Gaza, as the festival did this summer? The final decision on all of this will now lie in the US, with a publicly traded company that wants to maximize its profits. As long as things are going well, this will have little impact on Pukkelpop as it currently does. The question is whether that will remain the case if things take a turn for the worse.

Source: De Standaard 9/10 via License2publish - Foto: Persbericht Pukkelpop

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